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Standard Negation - The Negation of Declarative Verbal Main Clauses in a Typological Perspective (Hardcover)
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Standard Negation - The Negation of Declarative Verbal Main Clauses in a Typological Perspective (Hardcover)
Series: Empirical Approaches to Language Typology [EALT]
Expected to ship within 12 - 17 working days
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This book is the first cross-linguistic study of clausal negation
based on an extensive and systematic language sample.
Methodological issues, especially sampling, are discussed at
length. Standard negation - the basic structural means languages
have for negating declarative verbal main clauses - is typologized
from a new perspective, paying attention to structural differences
between affirmatives and negatives. In symmetric negation
affirmative and negative structures show no differences except for
the presence of the negative marker(s), whereas in asymmetric
negation there are further structural differences, i.e.
asymmetries. A distinction is made between constructional and
paradigmatic asymmetry; in the former the addition of the negative
marker(s) is accompanied by further structural differences in
comparison to the corresponding affirmative, and in the latter the
correspondences between the members of (verbal etc.) paradigms used
in affirmatives and negatives are not one-to-one. Cross-cutting the
constructional-paradigmatic distinction, asymmetric negation can be
further divided into subtypes according to the nature of the
asymmetry. Standard negation structures found in the 297 sample
languages are exemplified and discussed in detail. The frequencies
of the different types and some typological correlations are also
examined. Functional motivations are proposed for the structural
types - symmetric negatives are language-internally analogous to
the linguistic structure of the affirmative and asymmetric
negatives are language-externally analogous to different
asymmetries between affirmation and negation on the functional
level. Relevant diachronic issues are also discussed. The book is
of interest to language typologists, descriptive linguists and to
all linguists interested in negation.
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