Raymond Aron called Merleau-Ponty "the most influential French
philosopher of his generation." First published in France in 1947,
Humanism and Terror was in part a response to Arthur Koestler's
"Darkness at Noon," and in a larger sense a contribution to the
political and moral debates of a postwar world suddenly divided
into two ideological armed camps. For Merleau-Ponty, the central
question was: could Communism transcend its violence and
intentions?
The value of a society is the value it places upon man's
relation to man, Merleau-Ponty examines not only the Moscow trials
of the late thirties but also Koestler's re-creation of them. He
argues that violence in general in the Communist world can be
understood only in the context of revolutionary activism. He
demonstrates that it is pointless to ask whether Communism respects
the rules of liberal society; it is evident that Communism does
not.
In post-Communist Europe, when many are addressing similar
questions throughout the world, Merleau-Ponty's discourse is of
prime importance; it stands as a major and provocative contribution
to limits on the use of violence. The argument is placed in its
current context in a brilliant new introduction by John O'Neill.
His remarks extend the line of argument originally developed by the
great French political philosopher. This is a major contribution to
political theory and philosophy.
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