The Ottoman Army had a significant effect on the history of the
modern world and particularly on that of the Middle East and
Europe. This study, written by a Turkish and an American scholar,
is a revision and corrective to western accounts because it is
based on Turkish interpretations, rather than European
interpretations, of events. As the world's dominant military
machine from 1300 to the mid-1700's, the Ottoman Army led the way
in military institutions, organizational structures, technology,
and tactics. In decline thereafter, it nevertheless remained a
considerable force to be counted in the balance of power through
1918. From its nomadic origins, it underwent revolutions in
military affairs as well as several transformations which enabled
it to compete on favorable terms with the best of armies of the
day. This study tracks the growth of the Ottoman Army as a
professional institution from the perspective of the Ottomans
themselves, by using previously untapped Ottoman source materials.
Additionally, the impact of important commanders and the role of
politics, as these affected the army, are examined. The study
concludes with the Ottoman legacy and its effect on the Republic
and modern Turkish Army. This is a study survey that combines an
introductory view of this subject with fresh and original
reference-level information. Divided into distinct periods, Uyar
and Erickson open with a brief overview of the establishment of the
Ottoman Empire and the military systems that shaped the early
military patterns. The Ottoman army emerged forcefully in 1453
during the siege of Constantinople and became a dominant social and
political force for nearly two hundred years following Mehmed's
capture of the city. When the army began to show signs of decay
during the mid-seventeenth century, successive Sultans actively
sought to transform the institution that protected their power. The
reforms and transformations that began frist in 1606successfully
preserved the army until the outbreak of the Ottoman-Russian War in
1876. Though the war was brief, its impact was enormous as
nationalistic and republican strains placed increasing pressure on
the Sultan and his army until, finally, in 1918, those strains
proved too great to overcome. By 1923, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
emerged as the leader of a unified national state ruled by a new
National Parliament. As Uyar and Erickson demonstrate, the old army
of the Sultan had become the army of the Republic, symbolizing the
transformation of a dying empire to the new Turkish state make
clear that throughout much of its existence, the Ottoman Army was
an effective fighting force with professional military institutions
and organizational structures.
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