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The Constitution and Economic Regulation - Commerce Clause and the Fourteenth Amendment (Paperback)
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The Constitution and Economic Regulation - Commerce Clause and the Fourteenth Amendment (Paperback)
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This study uses basic economic analysis as a technique to comment
critically on the original meaning and the interpretation of those
clauses of the Constitution that have particular bearing on the
economy. Many new conclusions are markedly different from those of
the Supreme Court and earlier commentators. Conant's view is that
the commerce clause and the equal protection clause, if they had
been construed consistently with their comprehensive original
meanings, would have given much greater federal protection against
state laws that impaire free markets. Economic policy for the
nation was vested in Congress. To the extent that special interests
could buy congressional favor for their anticompetitive activities,
free markets were impaired within constraints as interpreted by the
court. These decisions have been criticized for their failure to
incorporate the antimonopoly tradition in the Ninth Amendment and
their failure to recognize equal protection of laws incorporated
into the Fifth Amendment. Conant holds that statutory controls of
the economy are justifiable in economic theory if they are designed
to remedy market failures and thereby increase efficiency. If
statutes are passed to interfere with markets and create market
inefficiencies for the benefit of special interest groups, they
should be condemned under the standards of normative
microeconomics. There are four main classes of market failure:
monopoly, externalities, public goods, and informational asymmetry.
This masterful analysis examines all four reasons for market
failure in depth. Litigation costs are analogous to transaction
costs. If legal principles and rules are clearly and precisely
defined by the Supreme Court when they are first appealed,
litigation and its costs should be minimized. Conant claims that if
legal principles or rules are uncertain because they lack definable
standards, the number of legal actions filed and litigation costs
will be much greater. This promotes additional litigation
challenging the many statutes enacted to remedy asserted market
failures in an expanding industrial economy. This work brilliantly
addresses the danger to the economy in court rulings seeking to
legislate standards of reasonableness.
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