Volume VIII of al-Tabari's great 40-volume history of the Arabs
covers the history of the Muslim community and the biography of
Muhammad in the middle Medinan years. During this period, Meccan
resistance to Islam collapsed, Muhammad returned triumphantly to
his native city, and the Muslim community weathered controversy in
Muhammad's private life.
This volume covers the history of the Muslim community and the
biography of Muhammad in the middle Medinan years. It begins with
the unsuccessful last Meccan attack on Medina, known as the battle
of the Trench.
Events following this battle show the gradual collapse of Meccan
resistance to Islam. The next year, when Muhammad set out on
pilgrimage to Mecca, the Meccans at first blocked the road, but
eventually a ten-year truce was negotiated at al-Hudaybiyah, with
Muhammad agreeing to postpone his pilgrimage until the following
year. The Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah was followed by a series of
Muslim expeditions, climaxing in the important conquest of Khaybar.
In the following year Muhammad made the so-called Pilgrimage of
Fulfillment unopposed.
Al-Tabari's account emphasizes Islam's expanding geographical
horizon during this period. Soon after the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah,
Muhammad is said to have sent letters to six foreign rulers
inviting them to become Muslims. Another example of this expanding
horizon was the unsuccessful expedition to Mu'tah in Jordan.
Shortly afterward the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah broke down, and
Muhammad marched on Mecca. The Meccans capitulated, and Muhammad
entered the city on his own terms. He treated the city leniently,
and most of the Meccan oligarchy swore allegiance to him as
Muslims.
This volume of al-Tabari'sHistory records the collapse of Meccan
resistance to Islam, the triumphant return of Muhammad to his
native city, the conversion to Islam of the Meccan oligarchy, and
the community's successful weathering of a number of potentially
embarrassing events in Muhammad's private life.
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