Each year a new eruption of "leaderless" social movements - from
North Africa and the Middle East to Europe, the Americas, and East
Asia - leaves journalists, political analysts, police forces, and
governments disoriented and perplexed. Activists too struggle to
understand and evaluate the power and effectiveness of horizontal
movements. Why have the movements, which address the needs and
desires of so many, not been able to achieve lasting change and
create a new, more democratic and just society? Some people assume
that if only social movements could find new leaders they would
return to their earlier glory. Where, they ask, are the new Martin
Luther Kings, Rudi Dutschkes, and Steven Bikos? Although today's
leaderless and spontaneous political organizations are not
sufficient, a return to traditional, centralized forms of political
leadership is neither desirable nor possible. Necessary, instead,
as Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri argue, is an inversion of the
roles of the multitude and leadership in political organizations.
Leaders should be confined to short-term, tactical action, while
the multitude drives strategy. In other words, the formulation of
long-term goals and objectives must come from the collective,
rather than designated figureheads. Drawing on the ideas developed
through their well-known Empire trilogy, Hardt and Negri have
produced, in Assembly, a timely proposal for how current
large-scale, horizontal movements can develop collectively the
capacities for political strategy and decision-making to effect
lasting and democratic change.
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