Reading Habermas: Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere
dissolves Habermas's monolithic stylization to precisely access his
seminal distinction between the purely political polis of
antiquity, which excludes the private economy from the res publica,
and the modern public sphere with its rational-critical discourse
about commodity exchange and social labor in the political economy.
Deconstructing the uniform mold of Structural Transformation's
narrative about a rise and fall of the bourgeois public sphere in
modernity also allows to identify and understand the
ideology-critical methodologies of Habermas's theory reconstruction
of Kant's ideal of the liberal public in the context of the French
Revolution. Readers of this guide realize that Habermas's
interpretation of a sociological and political category with the
norms of constitutional theory and intellectual history causes the
"collapsing of norm and description" he acknowledged in 1989 and
thus frequent misunderstandings about the historical validity of
Structural Transformation's ideal-type derived from Condorcet's
absolute rationalism and Kant's "unofficial" philosophy of history.
Specifically, the guide explains that Habermas's key construct of a
"morally pretentious rationality" of the bourgeois public sphere
entirely depends on the claim about "natural laws" harmoniously
regulating the economy. While neoliberalism still maintains this
claim, Hegel "decisively destroyed" it already in 1821.
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