Land reforms are laws that are intended, and likely, to cut poverty
by raising the poor's share of land rights. That raises questions
about property rights as old as moral philosophy, and issues of
efficiency and fairness that dominate policy from Bolivia to Nepal.
Classic reforms directly transfer land from rich to poor. However,
much else has been marketed as land reform: the restriction of
tenancy, but also its de-restriction; collectivisation, but also
de-collectivisation; land consolidation, but also land division. In
1955-2000, genuine land reform affected over a billion people, and
almost as many hectares. Is land reform still alive, for example in
Bolivia, South Africa and Nepal? Or is it dead and, if so, is this
because it has succeeded, or because it has failed? There has been
massive research on land reform and this book builds on some
surprising findings. * Small farms' share in land is rising in most
of Asia and Africa. * This is not driven (as widely claimed) by
growth in rural population or farm productivity, but by the
relative efficiency of small farms, and in some cases by land
reform. * Whether land reform helps the poor depends not only on
land transfers, but at least as much on its effects through
employment, non-farm activity, GDP growth and distribution, as well
as the village status and power of the poor. * Avoidance, evasion
and even distortion of land reform laws sometimes advance their
main aims. * Liberalisation and its accompaniments (such as
supermarkets) can be powerful friends or fatal foes of small farms
and land reform. This book will be of great interest to students,
researchers and consultants working on agriculture, farm
organisation, rural development and poverty reduction, with special
emphasis on developing countries.
General
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