With cancer ranking as the primary or secondary cause of premature
death in almost 100 countries worldwide, the World Health
Organization recognized a high level of investment in cancer
control and treatment (including palliative care) in 2019. At that
time, governments at the World Health Assembly (WHA) unanimously
adopted a new cancer resolution (Universal Health Coverage: Moving
Together to Build a Healthier World). The resolution noted the
potential for cancer prevention to reduce cancer burden in the
future, while reducing the suffering from cancer in the
communities. As most countries are facing an overall increase in
the absolute number of cancer cases, large geographical diversity
in cancer occurrence and variations in the magnitude and profile of
the disease still continue between and within world regions.
Specific types of cancer dominate globally: lung, female breast,
and colorectal cancer. The regional variations in common cancer
types signal the extent to which societal, economic, and lifestyle
changes interplay to differentially impact the profile of this most
complex group of diseases. Although survival rates for cancer have
improved significantly over the past few decades, for each
individual, the diagnosis and treatment of cancer are still
devastating, affecting the family and community as well. The care
of a person with cancer must be more than just the treatment of the
cancer itself. Understanding the cultural, psychological, social,
and spiritual dimensions of the cancer sufferer and their family
and community will ensure the best care. In order to treat
individuals with cancer and understand how to give the best
possible care to underserved populations, we need to understand
cultural diversity. Understanding that cultural aspects of a
society may be intertwined with finances and other resources can
improve adherence and access to care. Culture is made up of
language, religion, cuisine, social norms, history, ancestry,
music, arts, and spirituality. In order to improve cancer care
outcomes, patients' diverse spiritual and cultural beliefs must be
recognized. In addition, available methods must be utilized to
improve access and adherence to treatment modalities and regimens.
In this book, we focus on numerous diverse cultures, traditions,
and faiths. Many parts of the world are composed of indigenous
cultures, with unique spiritual beliefs in addition to the region's
primary religion. We present chapters on indigenous religions as
well as indigenous traditional healers. People everywhere
experience trouble, sorrow, need, and sickness, and they develop
skills and knowledge in response to these adversities. This book
provides insightful models of these parameters and serves as a
valuable resource for health care providers and policymakers by
taking a global approach to cultural diversity in the world. By
understanding this multiculturalism and the many aspects of
psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions of health and
healing, we can learn from one another.
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