Each cryptographic system incorporates basic cryptographic
primitives including True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) since
random values are mandatory for the several algorithms and
protocols. Thus, even strong cryptographic system can be weakened
by the TRNG of poor quality. The book presents a new high-entropy
digital element suitable for TRNG synthesis in FPGAs. The original
idea behind this principle lies in the randomness extraction on
oscillatory trajectory when a bi-stable circuit is resolving a
foregoing metastable event. We propose a new bi-stable structure -
Transition Effect Ring Oscillator (TERO) where the oscillatory
phase can be forced on demand. Our proposed mathematical model,
simulations and hardware experiments show that TERO is
significantly more sensitive to intrinsic noise in FPGA logic cells
and less sensitive to global perturbations than a ring oscillator
composed of the same elements. A disfunction of TERO-based TRNG can
be evaluated on-line using proposed malfunction detector. The
quality of generated 1-Gbit random sequences was evaluated by the
NIST 800-22 statistical tests with satisfactory results over the
wide core voltage range and temperature range.
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