The discovery of fullerenes and nanotubes has greatly stimulated
the interest of scientists and engineers in carbon materials, and
has resulted in much scientific research. These materials have
provided us with many interesting ideas and potential applications,
some of them practical and some simply dreams for the future.
In the early 1960s, carbon fibers, glass-like carbons and
pyrolytic carbons were developed which were quite different from
the carbon materials that had previously been used. Carbon fibers
exhibited surprisingly good mechanical properties, glass-like
carbons exhibited brittle fracture resulting in a conchoidal
fracture surface similar to sodium glass, and giving no carbon
dust, and pyrolytic carbons were produced by a new production
process of chemical vapour deposition and showed very high
anisotropy. These carbons materials made a great impact not only on
the carbon community who had been working on carbon materials but
also on people working in the fields of materials science and
engineering. They were used to develop a variety of new
applications in technological fields, such as semiconductors,
microelectronics, aerospace and high temperature, etc. These newly
developed carbon materials were called NEW CARBONS, in comparison
with carbon materials such as artificial graphites represented by
graphite electrodes, carbon blacks and activated carbons, which
maybe thought of as CLASSICAL CARBONS. Later, other new carbons,
such as activated carbons and those with novel functions, isotropic
high-density graphites, intercalation compounds, various
composites, etc., were developed.
In 1994, Professor Michio Inagaki published a book entitled "New
Carbon Materials Structure and Functions" with his friend Professor
Yoshihiro Hishiyama of Musashi Institute of Technology, published
by Gihoudou Shuppan in Japanese. However, progress in the fields of
these new carbons is so rapid that the previous book is already out
of date. For this reason the author has decided to write an English
text on New Carbons. The text focuses on New Carbons based on
hexagonal networks of carbon-atoms, i.e. graphite-related
materials. The fundamental concept underlying this book is that the
structure and functions of these materials are principally governed
by their texture. The aim is to give readers a comprehensive
understanding of New Carbons through the description of their
structure and texture, along with the properties that are largely
dependent on them.
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