Our desire to understand the global carbon cycle and its link to
the climate system represents a huge challenge. These overarching
questions have driven a great deal of scientific endeavour in
recent years: What are the basic oceanic mechanisms which control
the oceanic carbon reservoirs and the partitioning of carbon
between ocean and atmosphere? How do these mechanisms depend on the
state of the climate system and how does the carbon cycle feed back
on climate? What is the current rate at which fossil fuel carbon
dioxide is absorbed by the oceans and how might this change in the
future? To begin to answer these questions we must first understand
the distribution of carbon in the ocean, its partitioning between
different ocean reservoirs (the "solubility" and "biological" pumps
of carbon), the mechanisms controlling these reservoirs, and the
relationship of the significant physical and biological processes
to the physical environment. The recent surveys from the JGOFS and
WOCE (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and World Ocean Circulation Ex
periment) programs have given us a first truly global survey of the
physical and biogeochemical properties of the ocean. These new,
high quality data provide the opportunity to better quantify the
present oceans reservoirs of carbon and the changes due to fossil
fuel burning. In addition, diverse process studies and time-series
observations have clearly revealed the complexity of interactions
between nutrient cycles, ecosystems, the carbon-cycle and the
physical envi ronment."
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