Poverty as Subsistence explores the "propertizing" land reform
policy that the World Bank advocated throughout the transitioning
countries of Eurasia, expecting poverty reduction to result from
distributing property titles over agricultural land to local
(rural) populations. China's early 1980s land reform offered
support for this expectation, but while the spread of propertizing
reform to post-communist Eurasia created numerous "subsistence"
smallholders, it failed to stimulate entrepreneurship or
market-based production among the rural poor. Varga argues that the
World Bank advocated a simplified version of China's land reform
that ignored a key element of successful reforms: the smallholders'
immediate environment, the structure of actors and institutions
determining whether smallholders survive and grow in their
communities. With concrete insights from analysis of the land
reform program throughout post-communist Eurasia and multisited
fieldwork in Romania and Ukraine, this book details how and why
land reform led to subsistence and the mechanisms underpinning
informal commercialization.
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