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Military Intervention and a Crisis of Democracy in Turkey - The Menderes Era and its Demise (Hardcover, New)
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Military Intervention and a Crisis of Democracy in Turkey - The Menderes Era and its Demise (Hardcover, New)
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Adnan Menderes' election to power in 1950 signalled a new epoch in
the history of modern Turkey. For the first time a democratic
government ruled the country, taking over Kemal Ataturk's political
heirs, the People's Republican Party (CHP), and challenging the
Kemalist elite's monopoly on the control of state institutions and
society itself. However, this period was short-lived. In 1960,
Turkey's army staged a coup d'etat and Menderes was hanged the
following year. Here, Mogens Pelt beings by examining the era of
the rule of the Democratic Party, and what led to its downfall.
Among the chief accusations raised against Menderes by the army was
that he had undermined the principles of the founder of modern
Turkey, Ataturk, and that he had exploited religion for political
purposes. Military Intervention and a Crisis Democracy in Turkey
furthermore, and crucially, examines the legacy of the military
intervention that brought this era of democratic rule to an end.
Although the armed forces officially returned power to the
civilians in 1961, this intervention - indeed, this crisis of
democracy - allowed the military to become a major player in
Turkey's political process, weakening the role of elected
politicians. The officer corps claimed that the army was the legal
guardian of Kemalism, and that it had the right and duty to
intervene again, if the circumstances proscribed it and when it
deemed that the values of Ataturk were threatened. Indeed, these
were precisely that ground on which the armed forces justified its
coup d'etats of 1971 and 1980. This unique exploration of the
Menderes period sheds new light on the shaping of post-war Turkey
and will be vital for those researching the Turkish Republic, and
the influence of the military in its destiny.
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