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A Victorian Holocaust - Iran in the Great Famine of 1869-1873 (Hardcover)
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A Victorian Holocaust - Iran in the Great Famine of 1869-1873 (Hardcover)
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The death by famine of tens of millions of human beings in Asia and
Africa during the Victorian era (1837-1901) is "the secret history
of the nineteenth century" about which Western history books
contain nothing. The Great Famine of 1869-1873 in Iran took 10-12
million lives, or two-thirds of the population, and is part of this
secret history. While the famines that ravaged China and India
during 1876 to 1902 have received some recent scrutiny, the
precursor of these cataclysmic famines, the Great Famine of
1869-1873 in Iran, has remained practically unknown. This study is
the first monograph on the subject in the English language. This
famine in Iran killed on a scale similar to the 1876-79 famine in
China, which has been called the worst to afflict the human
species. This study is based on British diplomatic reports and
semi-official sources, European travel accounts, Persian documents
and writings, British and American newspapers, and the reports by
American missionaries who witnessed the famine. These sources
enable one to provide a chronological and numerical account of the
death and suffering as the famine spread from the southern and
central regions to the rest of the country. The population
statistics and rich micro-level data on famine losses in rural and
urban areas indicate that during the nearly five years of famine,
two-thirds of the population had perished. Not until 1910 did Iran
come close to recovering its 1869 population. Soon after, Iran was
plunged into the Great Famine of 1917-19, which claimed another
8-10 million, and again the 1942-43 famine and typhus epidemic that
carried off an additional 4 million persons. In the seventy-five
year span of 1869-1944, Iran had suffered three famines that had
taken 25 million lives. Iran's 1944 population of 10-12 million was
unchanged from 11 million recorded in 1841, a perfect case of a
Malthusian catastrophe. It is difficult to find another country in
which a century of population growth had been wiped out by famine.
Having previously described and quantified the 1917-19 and 1942-43
famines, Majd does the same for the 1869-73 famine. This book is
the third of a trilogy on famines in Iran during the last 150
years.
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