The present book is focused on the study of unprecedented control
and manipulation of light by photonic crystals (PCs) and their
applications. These are micro- or usually nano-structures composed
of periodic indexes of refraction of dielectrics with high
refractive index contrast. They exhibit optical frequency band gaps
in analogy to electronic bands for a periodic potential of a
semiconductor crystal lattice. The gemstone opal and butterfly's
feathers colours are already referred to as natural examples of
photonic crystals. The characteristics of such supper-lattices were
first reported by Yablonovitch in 1987. The exploitation of
photonic crystals is a promising tool in communication, sensors,
optical computing, and nanophotonics. Discussed are the various
features of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) photonic
crystals, photonic quasi crystals, heterostuctures and PC fibres
under a variety of conditions using several materials, and
metamaterials. It also focuses on the applications of PCs in
optical computing.
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