Biometric recognition-the automated recognition of individuals
based on their behavioral and biological characteristic-is promoted
as a way to help identify terrorists, provide better control of
access to physical facilities and financial accounts, and increase
the efficiency of access to services and their utilization.
Biometric recognition has been applied to identification of
criminals, patient tracking in medical informatics, and the
personalization of social services, among other things. In spite of
substantial effort, however, there remain unresolved questions
about the effectiveness and management of systems for biometric
recognition, as well as the appropriateness and societal impact of
their use. Moreover, the general public has been exposed to
biometrics largely as high-technology gadgets in spy thrillers or
as fear-instilling instruments of state or corporate surveillance
in speculative fiction. Now, as biometric technologies appear
poised for broader use, increased concerns about national security
and the tracking of individuals as they cross borders have caused
passports, visas, and border-crossing records to be linked to
biometric data. A focus on fighting insurgencies and terrorism has
led to the military deployment of biometric tools to enable
recognition of individuals as friend or foe. Commercially,
finger-imaging sensors, whose cost and physical size have been
reduced, now appear on many laptop personal computers, handheld
devices, mobile phones, and other consumer devices. Biometric
Recognition: Challenges and Opportunities addresses the issues
surrounding broader implementation of this technology, making two
main points: first, biometric recognition systems are incredibly
complex, and need to be addressed as such. Second, biometric
recognition is an inherently probabilistic endeavor. Consequently,
even when the technology and the system in which it is embedded are
behaving as designed, there is inevitable uncertainty and risk of
error. This book elaborates on these themes in detail to provide
policy makers, developers, and researchers a comprehensive
assessment of biometric recognition that examines current
capabilities, future possibilities, and the role of government in
technology and system development. Table of Contents Front Matter
Summary 1 Introduction and Fundamental Concepts 2 Engineering
Biometric Systems 3 Lessons from Other Large-Scale Systems 4
Cultural, Social, and Legal Considerations 5 Research Opportunities
and the Future of Biometrics Appendixes Appendix A: Biosketches of
Committee Members and Staff Appendix B: Watch-List Operational
Performance and List Size: A First-Cut Analysis Appendix C:
Statement of Task Appendix D: Testing and Evaluation Examples
Appendix E: The Biometrics Standards Landscape
General
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