The electric vehicle offers many promises-increasing U.S. energy
security by reducing petroleum dependence, contributing to
climate-change initiatives by decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions, stimulating long-term economic growth through the
development of new technologies and industries, and improving
public health by improving local air quality. There are, however,
substantial technical, social, and economic barriers to widespread
adoption of electric vehicles, including vehicle cost, small
driving range, long charging times, and the need for a charging
infrastructure. In addition, people are unfamiliar with electric
vehicles, are uncertain about their costs and benefits, and have
diverse needs that current electric vehicles might not meet.
Although a person might derive some personal benefits from
ownership, the costs of achieving the social benefits, such as
reduced GHG emissions, are borne largely by the people who purchase
the vehicles. Given the recognized barriers to electric-vehicle
adoption, Congress asked the Department of Energy (DOE) to
commission a study by the National Academies to address market
barriers that are slowing the purchase of electric vehicles and
hindering the deployment of supporting infrastructure. As a result
of the request, the National Research Council (NRC)-a part of the
National Academies-appointed the Committee on Overcoming Barriers
to Electric-Vehicle Deployment. This committee documented their
findings in two reports-a short interim report focused on near-term
options, and a final comprehensive report. Overcoming Barriers to
Electric-Vehicle Deployment fulfills the request for the short
interim report that addresses specifically the following issues:
infrastructure needs for electric vehicles, barriers to deploying
the infrastructure, and possible roles of the federal government in
overcoming the barriers. This report also includes an initial
discussion of the pros and cons of the possible roles. This interim
report does not address the committee's full statement of task and
does not offer any recommendations because the committee is still
in its early stages of data-gathering. The committee will continue
to gather and review information and conduct analyses through late
spring 2014 and will issue its final report in late summer 2014.
Overcoming Barriers to Electric-Vehicle Deployment focuses on the
light-duty vehicle sector in the United States and restricts its
discussion of electric vehicles to plug-in electric vehicles
(PEVs), which include battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in
hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The common feature of these
vehicles is that their batteries are charged by being plugged into
the electric grid. BEVs differ from PHEVs because they operate
solely on electricity stored in a battery (that is, there is no
other power source); PHEVs have internal combustion engines that
can supplement the electric power train. Although this report
considers PEVs generally, the committee recognizes that there are
fundamental differences between PHEVs and BEVs. Table of Contents
Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 The Customers, Manufacturers,
and Dealers 3 The Charging Infrastructure 4 The Electric Grid
Appendix A--Committee Biographical Information Appendix
B--Statement of Task Appendix C--Meetings and Presentations
Appendix D--Technical Specifications
General
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