Breaking new ground in scholarship, Niraja Jayal writes the
first history of citizenship in the largest democracy in the world
India. Unlike the mature democracies of the west, India began as a
true republic of equals with a complex architecture of citizenship
rights that was sensitive to the many hierarchies of Indian
society. In this provocative biography of the defining aspiration
of modern India, Jayal shows how the progressive civic ideals
embodied in the constitution have been challenged by exclusions
based on social and economic inequality, and sometimes also,
paradoxically, undermined by its own policies of inclusion.
"Citizenship and Its Discontents" explores a century of
contestations over citizenship from the colonial period to the
present, analyzing evolving conceptions of citizenship as legal
status, as rights, and as identity. The early optimism that a new
India could be fashioned out of an unequal and diverse society led
to a formally inclusive legal membership, an impulse to social and
economic rights, and group-differentiated citizenship. Today, these
policies to create a civic community of equals are losing support
in a climate of social intolerance and weak solidarity. Once seen
by Western political scientists as an anomaly, India today is a
site where every major theoretical debate about citizenship is
being enacted in practice, and one that no global discussion of the
subject can afford to ignore."
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