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Smoke Component Yields from Bench-scale Fire Tests - 2. ISO 19700 Controlled Equivalence Ratio Tube Furnace (Paperback)
Loot Price: R297
Discovery Miles 2 970
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Smoke Component Yields from Bench-scale Fire Tests - 2. ISO 19700 Controlled Equivalence Ratio Tube Furnace (Paperback)
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Loot Price R297
Discovery Miles 2 970
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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A standard procedure is needed for obtaining smoke toxic potency
data for use in fire hazard and risk analyses. Room fire testing of
finished products is impractical, directing attention to the use of
apparatus that can obtain the needed data quickly and at affordable
cost. This report presents examination of the second of a series
bench-scale fire tests to produce data on the yields of toxic
products in both pre-flashover and post-flashover flaming fires.
The apparatus is the ISO/TS 19700 controlled equivalence ratio tube
furnace. This apparatus uses a mechanical feed mechanism to supply
solid fuel into a tube furnace at a pre-determined rate, so that
the global equivalence ratio can be adjusted. The test specimens
were cut from finished products that were also burned in room-scale
tests: a sofa made of upholstered cushions on a steel frame,
particleboard bookcases with a laminated finish, and household
electric cable. Initially, the standard test procedure was followed
for two fire stages, well ventilated flaming and post- flashover.
Subsequent variation in the procedure included dicing the specimen,
further decreasing the equivalence ratio (well ventilated flaming)
or increasing it (post-flashover), increasing the mass loading
while maintaining the equivalence ratio, and increasing the fuel
feed rate while maintaining the equivalence ratio. The yields of
CO2 CO, HCl, and HCN were determined. The yields of other toxicants
(NO, NO2, formaldehyde, and acrolein) were below the detection
limits, but volume fractions at the detection limits were shown to
be of limited toxicological importance relative to the detected
toxicants. In general, the largest effects were seen between the
two fire stages. The other variations within the fire stage had
minor effects on gas yields. Under post-flashover conditions, the
sum of the CO2 and CO yields frequently accounted for half or less
of the carbon originally in the specimen. As a result, the gaseous
combustion products cannot be used to estimate the mass burning
rate. Under post flashover conditions, the CO yield for the sofa
approached the value of 0.2 found in real-scale postflashover fire
tests. However, for the bookcase and cable it did not. Yields of
HCl from the cables generally approached their notional yields
under well- ventilated conditions, and HCN was most readily
detected from the sofa under post-flashover conditions at
toxicologically significant concentrations.
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