In the sixth and fifth centuries B.C. a new kind of thinker
appeared in Greek city-states, dedicated to finding the origins of
the world and everything in it, using observation and reason rather
than tradition and myth. We call these thinkers Presocratic
philosophers, and recognize them as the first philosophers of the
Western tradition, as well as the originators of scientific
thinking. New textual discoveries and new approaches make a
reconsideration of the Presocratics at the beginning of the
twenty-first century especially timely.
This handbook brings together leading international scholars to
study the diverse figures, movements, and approaches that
constitute Presocratic philosophy. More than a survey of
scholarship, this study presents new interpretations and
evaluations of the Presocratics' accomplishments, from Thales to
the sophists, from theology to science, and from pre-philosophical
background to their influence on later thinkers. Many positions
presented here challenge accepted wisdom and offer alternative
accounts of Presocratic theories.
This handbook includes chapters on the Milesians (Thales,
Anaximander, Anaximenes), Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Parmenides,
Anaxagoras, Empedocles, the Pythagoreans, the atomists, and the
sophists. Special studies are devoted to the sources of Presocratic
philosophy, oriental influences, Hippocratic medicine, cosmology,
explanation, epistemology, theology, and the reception of
Presocratic thought in Aristotle and other ancient authors.
General
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