Since the 1960s, there have been two schools of thought on the
origins and nature of black consciousness: the adaptive-vitality
school and the pathological-pathogenic school. The latter argues
that in its divergences from white American norms and values, black
American consciousness is nothing more than a pathological form of
and reaction to American consciousness, rather than a dual (both
African and American) counter hegemonic opposing
"identity-in-differential" (the term is Gayatri Spivak's) to the
American one. Proponents of the adaptive-vitality school argue that
the divergences are not pathologies but African "institutional
transformations" preserved on the American landscape. The purpose
of this work is to understand black consciousness by working out
the theoretical and methodological problems from which these two
divergent schools are constructed, in order to arrive at a more
sociohistorical, rather than racial, understanding of black
consciousness. Using a variant of structuration theory to account
for the sociohistorical development of black consciousness
formation within the American social structure, author Paul Mocombe
concludes that black American life is dual and pathological only in
relation to a particular interpretive community, the black
bourgeoisie or liberal middle class.
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