Zopf provides a compelling answer in his social demographic study
of why and how women fall into poverty. . . . Zopf is an articulate
guide through [a] forest of data. He uses these statistics
effectively to analyze structural flaws in the American
socioeconomic system that result in excess rates of poverty for
independent women of all races. Zopf is particularly effective in
showing hte link between gender inequality and women's and
children's poverty, exploring trends in poverty status over time,
relating variation in individual earnings and unemployment to
family poverty, and explaining the differences between long-term
and short-term (but recurrent) poverty. . . . Zopf offers an
accessible but scholarly presentation of a mass of statistical
information with both current interest and long-term importance.
Choice Exacerbated by changes in family patterns and reduced public
commitment to aid those who fall below the poverty threshold, the
increasing feminization of poverty in the United States has been
documented and explored only minimally despite the obvious
importance of the problem. This book is the first systematic
examination of the subject. Combining demographic and sociological
analysis with humanistic insights and concerns, it offers thorough
statistical documentation and comparative data on population
groups, geographic areas, and specific factors associated with
female poverty in the United States. Zopf argues that the poverty
of women must be addressed across a broad range of issues. It
cannot be dealt with effectively without a clear commitment to
promoting economic, political, and social equality; strengthening
the family; providing adequate education, health care, and housing;
reforming the welfare system; and coming to grips with the problem
of domestic violence. Zopf first looks at the way poverty is
officially defined and how it is measured. He analyzes the
characteristics of women family heads and individuals who are
classified as poor, comparing the poverty situations of women and
men and presenting variations by age, race, ethnicity, farm and
nonfarm residence, and urban and nonurban residence. The geographic
distribution of poverty by states, regions, counties, and cities is
discussed and a map and tables are supplied to illustrate both
small and large scale patterns. The study takes into account a
variety of factors related directly or indirectly to poverty
status, including the presence or absence of dependent children,
levels of education, employment status, work experience, work
disability, retirement, and homemaking. The situations of the
poorest of the poor and the near-poor are assessed, and trends in
both female and overall poverty are analyzed as far back as 1959.
The author explores the social, economic, and political causes and
effects of the problem by emphasizing defects in the social system
rather than individual character flaws. He concludes with some
practical suggestions for change. This book will be of particular
interest to professionals, academics, and students dealing with
women's studies, marriage and the family, population, social
problems, family services, poverty, welfare policy, and related
areas.
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