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Forms of Servitude in Northern and Central Europe - Decline, Resistance, and Expansion (German, Hardcover)
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Forms of Servitude in Northern and Central Europe - Decline, Resistance, and Expansion (German, Hardcover)
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In the nineteenth and early-twentieth century it was assumed that
nearly all agricultural labourers in medieval Europe were serfs.
Serfdom was distinct from slavery in that serfs were recognized as
something more than chattels. They could contract legitimate
marriages, hold personal property and they could not be moved
around at will. The fact that serfs were in many regions a minority
of the peasant population, and the increasing importance given to
social and economic circumstances over legal definitions led
historians to move away from examining servile condition and its
implications during much of the late twentieth century. Attention
has instead focused on the seigneurial regime and village society
with little regard for the influence of status. In the Middle Ages
and indeed in all pre-industrial societies, the vast majority of
the population tilled the land. We are still not in a good position
to evaluate how noble and ecclesiastical landlords received
revenues from lands they were only indirectly engaged in farming,
thus there are important gaps in our knowledge of the basic factors
that governed medieval society. What kind of agricultural system
provided the impetus for economic growth that so dramatically
increased the number of cities and volume of trade? There is no
modern, synthetic book on medieval serfdom that compares regions or
draws general conclusions about it. This work attempts such a
synthesis and also shows avenues of future research, but most
importantly it is intended to reorient attention to the importance
of serfdom in the structure of medieval society.
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