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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Topics in philosophy > Ethics & moral philosophy
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Agency and the Foundations of Ethics - Nietzschean Constitutivism (Paperback)
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Agency and the Foundations of Ethics - Nietzschean Constitutivism (Paperback)
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Paul Katsafanas explores how we might justify normative claims as
diverse as 'murder is wrong' and 'agents have reason to take the
means to their ends.' He offers an original account of
constitutivism-the view that we can justify certain normative
claims by showing that agents become committed to them simply in
virtue of acting-and argues that the attractions of this view are
considerable: constitutivism promises to resolve longstanding
philosophical puzzles about the metaphysics, epistemology, and
practical grip of normative claims. The greatest challenge for any
constitutivist theory is developing a conception of action that is
minimal enough to be independently plausible, but substantial
enough to yield robust normative results. Katsafanas argues that
the current versions of constitutivism fall short on this score.
However, we can generate a successful version by employing a more
nuanced theory of action. Drawing on recent empirical work on human
motivation as well as a model of agency indebted to the work of
Nietzsche, Agency and the Foundations of Ethics argues that every
episode of action aims jointly at agential activity and power. An
agent manifests agential activity if she approves of her action,
and further knowledge of the motives figuring in the etiology of
her action would not undermine this approval. An agent aims at
power if she aims at encountering and overcoming obstacles or
resistances in the course of pursuing other, more determinate ends.
These structural features of agency both constitute events as
actions and generate standards of assessment for action. Using
these results, Katsafanas shows that we can derive substantive and
sometimes surprising normative claims from facts about the nature
of agency.
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