This book contains the first English translations of The Origin of
the Moral Sensations and Psychological Observations, the two most
important works by the German philosopher Paul Ree. These essays
present Ree's moral philosophy, which influenced the ideas of his
close friend Friedrich Nietzsche considerably. Nietzsche scholars
have often incorrectly attributed to him arguments and ideas that
are Ree's and have failed to detect responses to Ree's works in
Nietzsche's writings. Ree's thinking combined two strands: a
pessimistic conception of human nature, presented in the French
moralists' aphoristic style that would become a mainstay of
Nietzsche's own writings, and a theory of morality derived from
Darwin's theory of natural selection. Ree's moral Darwinism was a
central factor prompting Nietzsche to write On the Genealogy of
Morals and the ground-work for much of today's "evolutionary
ethics." In an illuminating critical introduction, Robin Small
examines Ree's life and work, locating his application of
evolutionary concepts to morality within a broader history of
Darwinism while exploring Ree's theoretical and personal
relationship with Nietzsche. In placing Nietzsche in his
intellectual and social context, Small profoundly challenges the
myth of Nietzsche as a solitary thinker.
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