Voting difficulties hung over America's presidential election in
2000 like a dark cloud. Hanging chads, a butterfly ballot, and the
Supreme Court remain the most vivid memories of that political
donnybrook. Passage of 2002's Help America Vote Act sparked further
interest in the physical process of casting a ballot, yet several
recent contests still produced confusion at the polls. A solution
to at least some of those problems may be found in new technology,
but such innovations carry their own concerns and questions. Voting
Technology is the first book to investigate in a scientific and
authoritative manner how voters respond to the new equipment. The
authors -an interdisciplinary group of experts in American
elections, political behavior, human-computer interaction, and
human factors psychology -assess five commercially available voting
systems, each one representing a specific class based on shared
design principles, as well as a prototype system not currently
available. They evaluate the systems against different criteria
(including ease of use, speed, and accuracy) using field
experiments, laboratory experiments, and expert reviews. The
results reveal the good and bad about the new systems, including
specific features that contribute to clarity, confusion, or error.
Going beyond the concern with spoiled ballots, they determine
whether voters actually cast their ballots for the candidates they
intended to support. They address fundamental questions of whether
voters like and trust the equipment and whether the various systems
are equally usable by all voters. Their research also opens up an
entirely new line of inquiry by asking about the interaction
between ballot format and voter behavior. The concluding chapter
pulls together best practices that will guide manufacturers of
voting systems, ballot designers, election officials, political
observers, and of course, voters. In a political system based on
free exercise of personal choice, the least we can do is make sure
our choices are being accurately recorded and counted.
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