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Transition in Power - Technological "Warfare" and the Shift from British to American Hegemony since 1919 (Hardcover)
Loot Price: R2,792
Discovery Miles 27 920
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Transition in Power - Technological "Warfare" and the Shift from British to American Hegemony since 1919 (Hardcover)
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Total price: R2,812
Discovery Miles: 28 120
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Hegemonic transitions are never clear, and they usually emerge from
a period of multi-polarity in the world-system. Two types of state
tend to contend for power: trading states and territorial states,
although most states are never "pure" and tend to contain within
them multiple polities with different agendas. This book describes
the hegemonic transition between two major trading states, Britain
and America. British decline began in the late Victorian era, but
the transition to American power was slow, and other states also
sought hegemony. Transitions between trading states focus on
economic struggle, though struggles between trading and territorial
states and between territorial states are marked by armed conflict.
In 1919 President Woodrow Wilson saw three arenas of competition
developing between Britain and America: in international
transportation, international communication, and petroleum. But
Britain was challenged economically by America as early as 1861 via
the Morrill Tariff, her economic hegemony was gone by the 1880s,
and she was "defeated" by 1947. From the 1880s on both America and
Germany sought to replace Britain as hegemonic power not only
through their implementation of protectionist economic policies,
but also through the adoption of revised versions of the
world-economy, through new technologies, and, in the case of
Germany, military power. Britain struggled to stay in place.
Britain's world-economy was that of a pure trading state. Maritime
trade in organic materials was organized through global capitalism
and control over submarine cable telecommunications rather than
territorial possession. America's rise was greatly helped by being
a capitalist power in possession of a secure territorial base in
the mid-section of the North American continent, but America
suffered from multiple polities competing for power, with the South
particularly problematic. Germany developed a radically new
world-economy that synthesized resources using organic chemistry.
German science and technology began to diffuse to American
corporate laboratories before World War One. After that war,
diffusion to American laboratories and universities was massive and
helped secure American hegemony.
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