In Britain alone, several thousand young Muslims are thought to
be part of violent extremist networks. How did they become
involved? What are the mechanisms and dynamics through which
European Muslims join al-Qaeda and groups inspired by al-Qaeda?
This paper explains the processes whereby European Muslims are
recruited into the Islamist militant movement. It reveals that
although overt recruitment has been driven underground, prisons and
other ?places of vulnerability? are increasingly important
alternatives. It explores the recruitment roles of radical imams,
gateway organisations and activists, and highlights the kinds of
message that facilitate the recruitment process. It also shows how
the Internet has come to play an increasingly significant role.
Neumann argues that there is little evidence of systematic,
top-down jihadist recruitment in Europe. Rather, the activist
leaders of cells increasingly drive the process. The paper explores
possible options for European governments wishing to disrupt
violent extremist networks, recognising that it will also be
necessary to address some of the underlying risk factors that fuel
jihadist recruitment. Ultimately, the major challenge for European
states lies in constructing more inclusive societies in which the
narratives of exclusion and grievance will not resonate to the
benefit of recruiters to the extremist cause.
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