In Britain alone, several thousand young Muslims are thought to be
part of violent extremist networks. How did they become involved?
What are the mechanisms and dynamics through which European Muslims
join al-Qaeda and groups inspired by al-Qaeda? This paper explains
the processes whereby European Muslims are recruited into the
Islamist militant movement. It reveals that although overt
recruitment has been driven underground, prisons and otherplaces of
vulnerability are increasingly important alternatives. It explores
the recruitment roles of radical imams, gateway organisations and
activists, and highlights the kinds of message that facilitate the
recruitment process. It also shows how the Internet has come to
play an increasingly significant role. Neumann argues that there is
little evidence of systematic, top-down jihadist recruitment in
Europe. Rather, the activist leaders of cells increasingly drive
the process. The paper explores possible options for European
governments wishing to disrupt violent extremist networks,
recognising that it will also be necessary to address some of the
underlying risk factors that fuel jihadist recruitment. Ultimately,
the major challenge for European states lies in constructing more
inclusive societies in which the narratives of exclusion and
grievance will not resonate to the benefit of recruiters to the
extremist cause.
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