This book presents a history of Old Cairo based on new
archaeological evidence gathered between 2000 and 2006 during a
major project to lower the groundwater level affecting the churches
and monuments of this area of Cairo known by the Romans as Babylon.
Examination of the material and structural remains revealed a
sequence of continuous occupation extending from the sixth century
BC to the present day. These include the massive stone walls of the
canal linking the Nile to the Red Sea, and the harbor constructed
by Trajan at its entrance around ad 110. The Emperor Diocletian
built the fortress of Babylon around the harbor and the canal in ad
300, and much new information has come to light concerning the
construction and internal layout of the fortress, which continues
to enclose and define the enclave of Old Cairo. Important evidence
for the early medieval transformation of the area into the nucleus
of the Arab city of al-Fustat and its later medieval development is
also presented.
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