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Do Institutions Matter? - Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Paperback, New)
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Do Institutions Matter? - Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Paperback, New)
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As a stunning tide of democratization sweeps across much of the
world, countries must cope with increasing problems of economic
development, political and social integration, and greater public
demand of scarce resources. That ability to respond effectively to
these issues depends largely on the institutional choices of each
of these newly democratizing countries. With critics of national
political institutions in the United States arguing that the
American separation-of-powers system promotes ineffectiveness and
policy deadlock, many question whether these countries should
emulate American institutions or choose parliamentary institutions
instead. The essays in this book fully examine whether
parliamentary government is superior to the separation-of-powers
system through a direct comparison of the two. In addressing
specific policy areassuch as innovation and implementation of
energy policies after the oil shocks of 1970, management of
societal cleavages, setting of government priorities in budgeting,
representation of diffuse interest in environmental policy, and
management of defense forcesthe authors define capabilities that
allow governments to respond to policy problems. Do Institutions
Matter? includes case studies that bear important evidence on when
and how institutions influence government effectiveness. The
authors discover a widespread variation among parliamentary systems
both in institutional arrangements and in governmental
capabilities, and find that many of the failings of policy
performance commonly attributed to American political institutions
are in fact widely shared among western industrial countries.
Moreover, they show how American political institutions inhibitsome
government capabilities while enhancing others. Changing American
institutions to improve some aspects of governmental performance
could hurt other widely valued capabilities. The authors draw
important guidelines for institutional reformers while emphasizing
that institutions do have predictable risks and opportunities. They
caution that a balance between such risks and opportunities must
first be reached before policy reformers try to change political
institutions.
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