Scientists investigating the interaction between the ocean and the
atmosphere now believe that the drag coefficient, and the
coefficients of heat transfer and moisture transfer at the sea
surface, all increase with an intensification of the wind, reaching
high values during a storm. This belief is based on the results of
gradient and eddy correlation measurements in the air layer over
the water, as weIl as on data concerning the effect of storms on
the structure of the upper layer of the ocean and on the planetary
atmospheric boundary layer. However, until recently it was
impossible to explain just how the above coefficients depend on the
wind velocity and to extrapolate this dependence into the region of
hurricane velocities. Only by studying nonturbulent mechanisms of
transfer, which play an important role dose to the surface of a
stormy sea, and mechanisms of spray mediated transfer in
particular, was it possible to proceed to a solution of this
problem. This book presents the results of laboratory and field
studies of the spray field in the air layer above the surface of a
stormy sea. Since there is a dose correlation between the
generation of spray and the breaking of wind waves, considerable
attention is given to the analysis of data on the sea state during
a storm. Su'ch data are of interest when solving a number of
diverse theoretical and applied problems."
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