Chromosomes. being well-defined structures that are easily vis ible
under the optical microscope. readily lend themselves to in tense
physical and biochemical study. The understanding of the structure
and function of this most critical genetic material has progressed
through a number of interesting stages. Often connected with the
development of new techniques in staining and photography. using
the standard microscope and the electron microscope. It is
interesting to look back at the history of cytogenetics. I would
like especially to emphasize the work of Karl Sax and many of his
students. Work with Tradescantia became feasible after Edgar
Anderson straightened out the ecology and Sax took advantage of the
small number of chromosomes easily visible under the microscope. As
a matter of fact. this development is seen as the foundation for
the quantitative analysis of radiation effects on chromosomes.
During the 50 years since then.- more refined studies have been
initiated. The study of cytogenetic mechanisms has become an
important tool for the recognition of the effects of environmental
factors on all liv ing systems and has made SCE studies possible.
One of the most important stages in chromosome research was the
development, in radiation biology, of radiolabeling the chromosome
with tritiated thymidine. This technique. published in 1957 by Dr.
General
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