When settlers began advancing across North America, they endured
great hardships but for the most part did not go hungry. With a
seemingly inexhaustible supply of wildlife and an abundance of
vegetation, even the poorest lived comfortably.""Feast or Famine""
is the first comprehensive account of food and drink in the winning
of the West, describing the sustenance of successive generations of
western pioneers. Drawing on journals of settlers and travelers -
as well as a lifetime of research on the American West - Reginald
Horsman examines more than one hundred years of history, from the
first advance of explorers into the Mississippi valley to the
movement of ranchers and farmers onto the Great Plains, recording
not only the components of their diets but food preparation
techniques as well.Most settlers were able to obtain food beyond
the dreams of ordinary Europeans, for whom meat was a luxury. Not
only were buffalo, deer, and wild turkey there for the taking,
pioneers also gathered greens such as purslane, dandelion, and
pigweed - as well as wild fruits, berries, and nuts. They replaced
sugar with wild honey or maple syrup, and when they had no tea,
they made drinks out of sage, sassafras, and mint. Horsman also
reveals the willingness of Indians to convey their knowledge of
food to newcomers, sharing salmon in the Pacific Northwest,
agricultural crops in the arid Southwest.Horsman tells how
agricultural expansion and transportation opened a veritable
cornucopia and how the development of canning soon made it possible
for meals to transcend simple frontier foods, with canned oysters
and crystallized eggs in airtight cans on merchants' shelves. He
covers food on different regional frontiers, as well as the
cuisines of particular groups such as fur traders, soldiers,
miners, and Mormons. He also discusses food shortages that resulted
from poor preparation, temporary scarcity of game, marginal soil,
or simply bad luck. At times, as with the ill-fated Donner Party,
pioneers starved.Engagingly written and meticulously researched,
""Feast or Famine"" is a one-of-a-kind look at a subject too long
ignored in histories of the West. By revealing the spectrum of
frontier fare across years and regions, it shows us that the land
of opportunity was often a land of plenty.
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