The Soconusco region, a narrow strip of the Pacific coast of
Mexico and Guatemala, is the location of some of the earliest
pottery-using villages of ancient Mesoamerica. Mobile early
inhabitants of the area harvested marsh clams in the estuaries,
leaving behind vast mounds of shell. With the introduction of
pottery and the establishment of permanent villages (from 1900
B.C.), use of the resource-rich estuary changed. The archaeological
manifestation of that new estuary adaptation is a dramatic pattern
of inter-site variability in pottery vessel forms. Vessels at sites
within the estuary were about seventy percent neckless jars --
"tecomates" -- while vessels at contemporaneous sites a few
kilometers inland were seventy percent open dishes. The pattern is
well-known, but the the settlement arrangements or subsistence
practices that produced it have remained unclear. Archaeological
investigations at El Varal, a special-purpose estuary site of the
later Early Formative (1250-1000 B.C.) expand possibilities for an
anthropological understanding of the archaeological patterns. The
goal of this volume is to describe excavations and finds at the
site and to propose, based on a variety of analyses, a new
understanding of Early Formative assemblage variability.
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