Drug-related morbidity and mortality is rampant in contemporary
industrial society, despite or perhaps because, government has
assumed a critical role in the process by which drugs are developed
and approved. Parrish asserts that, as a people, Americans need to
understand how it is that government became the arbiter of
pharmaceutical fact. The consequences of our failure to understand,
he argues, may threaten individual choice and forestall the
development of responsible therapeutics. Moreover, if current
standards and control continues unabated, the next therapeutic
reformation might well make possible the sanctioned commercial
exploitation of patients. In "Defining Drugs," Parrish argues that
the federal government became arbiter of pharmaceutical fact
because the professions of pharmacy and medicine, as well as the
pharmaceutical industry, could enforce these definitions and
standards only through police powers reserved to government.
Parrish begins his provocative study by examining the development
of the social system for regulating drug therapy in the United
States. He reviews the standards that were negotiated, and the
tensions of the period between Progressivism and the New Deal that
gave cultural context and historical meaning to drug use in
American society. Parrish describes issues related to the
development of narcotics policy through education and legislation
facilitated by James Beal and Edward Kremers, and documents the
federal government's evolving role as arbiter of market tensions
between pharmaceutical producers, government officials, and private
citizens in professional groups, illustrating the influence of
government in writing enforceable standards for pharmaceutical
therapies. He shows how the expansion of political rights for
practitioners and producers has shifted responsibility for
therapeutic consequences from individual practitioners and patients
to government. This timely and controversial volume is written for
the scholar and the compassionate practitioner alike, and a general
public concerned with pharmacy regulation in a free society.
Richard Henry Parrish II is assistant professor of pharmacy
practice at the Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy at Shenandoah
University. "Defining Drugs documents the evolution of social
thought and action about pharmaceuticals in the United States in
the 20th century. Written from a free-market perspective, Richard
Parrish demonstrates how industry, goverment, and profressional
leaders used science to justify the expansion of goverment power
over standards and people. The Politicized definition of
pharmaceutical fact cemented the foundation of pharmacotherapy in
the modern pharmacratic state. Parrish's thesis will affect the
current debates on federal power concerning the proper role of
pharmacists, physicians, prescription laws, and Medicare
prescription benefits; dietary supplements and herbal remedies; and
nanotechnologies and pharmacgenomics. Scholary in documentation and
persuasive in tone, "Defining Drugs" is an indispensable
contribution to our understanding of the debate about drugs and
drug policy." --Dr. Thomas Szasz, State University of New York
"Parrish provides an invaluable analysis of the transformation of
pharmaceutical regulation over the past millennium."--Peter Barton
Hutt, Esq., Covington and Burling ""Defining Drugs" is an essential
key for the medical profession and any who would understand the
drug industry's regulation processes." uThe Midwest Book Review
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