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National Races - Transnational Power Struggles in the Sciences and Politics of Human Diversity, 1840-1945 (Paperback)
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National Races - Transnational Power Struggles in the Sciences and Politics of Human Diversity, 1840-1945 (Paperback)
Series: Critical Studies in the History of Anthropology
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National Races explores how politics interacted with transnational
science in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This
interaction produced powerful, racialized national identity
discourses whose influence continues to resonate in today's culture
and politics. Ethnologists, anthropologists, and raciologists
compared modern physical types with ancient skeletal finds to
unearth the deep prehistoric past and true nature of nations. These
scientists understood certain physical types to be what Richard
McMahon calls "national races," or the ageless biological essences
of nations. Contributors to this volume address a central tension
in anthropological race classification. On one hand, classifiers
were nationalists who explicitly or implicitly used race narratives
to promote political agendas. Their accounts of prehistoric
geopolitics treated "national races" as the proxies of nations in
order to legitimize present-day geopolitical positions. On the
other hand, the transnational community of race scholars resisted
the centrifugal forces of nationalism. Their interdisciplinary
project was a vital episode in the development of the social
sciences, using biological race classification to explain the
history, geography, relationships, and psychologies of nations.
National Races goes to the heart of tensions between nationalism
and transnationalism, politics and science, by examining
transnational science from the perspective of its peripheries.
Contributors to the book supplement the traditional focus of
historians on France, Britain, and Germany, with myriad case
studies and examples of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century
racial and national identities in countries such as Russia, Italy,
Poland, Greece, and Yugoslavia, and among Jewish anthropologists.
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