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Frontiers of Evangelization - Indians in the Sierra Gorda and Chiquitos Missions (Hardcover)
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Frontiers of Evangelization - Indians in the Sierra Gorda and Chiquitos Missions (Hardcover)
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The Spanish crown wanted native peoples in its American territories
to be evangelized and, to that end, facilitated the establishment
of missions by various Catholic orders. Focusing on the Franciscan
missions of the Sierra Gorda in Northern New Spain (Mexico) and the
Jesuit missions of Chiquitos in what is now Bolivia, Frontiers of
Evangelization takes a comparative approach to understanding the
experiences of indigenous populations in missions on the frontiers
of Spanish America. Marshaling a wealth of data from sacramental,
military, and census records, Robert H. Jackson explores the many
factors that influenced the stability of mission settlements,
including the indigenous communities' previous subsistence patterns
and family structures, the evangelical techniques of the missionary
orders, the social and political organization within the mission
communities, and epidemiology in relation to population density and
mobility. The two orders, Jackson's research shows, organized and
administered their missions very differently. The Franciscans took
a heavy-handed approach and implemented disruptive social policies,
while the Jesuits engaged in a comparatively ""kinder and gentler""
form of colonization. Yet the most critical factor to the missions'
success, Jackson finds, was the indigenous peoples' existing
demographic profile - in particular, their mobility. Nonsedentary
populations, like the Pames and Jonaces of the Sierra Gorda, were
more prone to demographic collapse once brought into the mission
system, whereas sedentary groups, like the Guarani of Chiquitos,
experienced robust growth and greater resistance to disease and
natural disaster. Drawing on more than three decades of scholarly
work, this analysis of crucial archival material augments our
understanding of the role of missions in colonization, and the fate
of indigenous peoples in Spanish America.
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