Where water supply, railway transportation, and oil reserves
have been abundant, towns in central West Texas have prospered;
where these resources are few, settlements have maintained only
slight growth or disappeared entirely. Supporting his conclusions
with profuse statistical evidence, Robert L. Martin traces the
economic development of six major towns in the area, all with over
10,000 residents in 1960: Lamesa, Snyder, Sweetwater, Big Spring,
Midland, and Odessa.
Ranching brought the first settlers to West Texas in the 1870s
and dominated the economy until 1900. In the 1880s farmers began to
arrive, and between 1900 and 1930 agricultural production replaced
ranching as the most important industry.
With the influx of population came the railroad, and small
settlements were established along its route. Those with sufficient
water supply prospered and, as counties were organized, became
county seats and supply centers for the surrounding agricultural
regions.
The land could not support a large agricultural population, and
agriculture-related manufactures soon drew population to the towns.
However, it was not until the oil discoveries of the 1920's that
the modern city emerged. After World War II, oil production and
oil-related industries generated great wealth and caused a boom in
population growth and urban development. Despite the growth in
prosperity, the economy is precariously balanced. Urban centers
dependent on oil--an industry of limited life--have matured in an
area without sufficient water or agricultural resources to support
them. Martin concludes that, without careful planning and a
solution to the water problem, these cities could some day become
ghost towns on the plains.
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