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Public vs. Private - The Early History of School Choice in America (Hardcover)
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Public vs. Private - The Early History of School Choice in America (Hardcover)
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Americans today choose from a dizzying array of schools, loosely
lumped into categories of "public" and "private." How did these
distinctions emerge in the first place, and what do they tell us
about the more general relationship in the United States between
public authority and private enterprise? In Public vs. Private,
Robert N. Gross describes how, more than a century ago, public
policies fostered the rise of modern school choice. In the late
nineteenth century, American Catholics began constructing rival,
urban parochial school systems, an enormous and dramatic
undertaking that challenged public school systems' near-monopoly of
education. In a nation deeply committed to public education, mass
attendance in Catholic schools produced immense conflict. States
quickly sought ways to regulate this burgeoning private sector and
the competition it produced, even attempting to abolish private
education altogether in the 1920s. Ultimately, however, Gross shows
how the public policies that resulted produced a stable educational
marketplace, where choice flourished. The creation of the
educational marketplace that we have inherited today-with
systematic alternatives to public schools-was as much a product of
public power as of private initiative. Gross also demonstrates that
schools have been key sites in the development of the American
legal conceptions of "public" and "private". Landmark Supreme Court
cases about the state's role in regulating private schools, such as
the 1819 Dartmouth v. Woodward decision, helped define and redefine
the scope of government power over private enterprise. Judges and
public officials gradually blurred the meaning of "public" and
"private," contributing to the broader shift in how American
governments have used private entities to accomplish public aims.
As ever more policies today seek to unleash market forces in
education, Americans would do well to learn from the historical
relationship between government, markets, and schools.
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