One of the largest, most complicated and expensive environmental
problems in the United States is the cleanup of nuclear wastes. The
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has approximately 4,000
contaminated sites covering tens of thousands of acres and replete
with contaminated hazardous or radioactive waste, soil, or
structures. In addition to high-level waste, it has more than
250,000 cubic meters of transuranic waste and millions of cubic
meters of low-level radioactive waste. In addition, DOE is
responsible for thousands of facilities awaiting decontamination,
decommissioning, and dismantling.
DOE and its predecessors have been involved in the management of
radioactive wastes since 1943, when such wastes were first
generated in significant quantities as by-products of nuclear
weapons production. Waste connected with DOE's nuclear weapons
complex has been accumulating as a result of various operations
spanning over five decades.
The cost estimates for nuclear waste cleanup in the United
States have been rapidly rising. It has recently been estimated to
be in a range from $200 to $350 billion. Costs could vary
considerably based on future philosophies as to whether to isolate
certain sites (the "iron fence" philosophy), or clean them up to a
pristine condition (the "greenfields" philosophy). Funding will
also be based on Congressional action that may reduce environmental
cleanup, based on budget considerations.
The technologies discussed in this book include the following:
(1) Processes currently being utilized; (2) Technology in the
demonstration phase; (3) Processes being developed; (4) Research
needs.
The book presents extensive information that would be helpful to
thosefirms wishing to participate in DOE programs. In Appendix II,
ad-dresses, and telephone numbers of the important sites are
indicated. Also, foreign nuclear contacts (with a description of
their activities) are presented in Appendix III, for 24
countries.
The substantial amount of money that will be spent on nuclear
waste cleanup offers an excellent opportunity for engineering,
equipment, chemical, instrument, and other firms.
General
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