The Roman 'small town' of Ariconium in southern Herefordshire has
long been known as an important iron production centre but has
remained very poorly understood. The town is suggested to have
developed from a late Iron Age Dobunnic tribal centre, which owed
its evident status and wide range of contacts to control of the
production and distribution of Forest of Dean iron. Rapid expansion
during the second half of the 1st century AD indicates that the
local population was able to articulate rapidly with the economic
opportunities the Roman conquest brought. The town developed as a
typical small roadside settlement and a major iron production
centre but a heavy reliance on ironworking appears to have made it
especially vulnerable to the economic decline of the latter part of
the 4th century. Some role as an administrative and political
centre can be suggested during the late 4th century and may be
implicated in the survival of the name Ariconium in the early
medieval kingdom of Erynyg or Archenfield, however, firm
archaeological evidence for any continuing occupation remains
elusive.
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