Indonesia over the past two decades has embarked on a process of
decentralization as part of a broader process of democratization,
which followed earlier periods of centralized governance and
authoritarian rule across the archipelago. The purpose of this book
is to begin to explore the connections between governance and
sustainable society in a wide variety of policy fields in
Indonesia, and how reforming governance structures may contribute
to societal benefits and the creation of a long-term sustainable
society. This book bridges important theoretical debates related to
governance and sustainable society and provides empirical research
from Indonesia in important policy areas related to this debate. By
placing research in different policy areas in a single volume, the
link to the broader concepts of governance, decentralization, and
societal outcomes is strengthened. The book builds on the recent
interest that has focused on Indonesia and the continued
development of democracy in the country. The chapters in the book
show a rich variety of decentralized governance arrangements and
capacity building at the local level in particular. Central
standards (for example for social sustainability, anti-corruption
arrangements, or for dealing with direct foreign investment),
combined with local innovation (for example for municipal
coordination of primary health care or metropolitan transport), are
key to Indonesia as a country in a continuing process of
transformation. We identify three key trends in the on-going
process of decentralization and governance in Indonesia. First, we
find that formal governance, the relation between the national and
local government, is characterized by a system of 'variable
geometry multi-level governance' depending on the policy area. The
challenge ahead is strengthening accountability mechanisms to
assure national standards while preserving and encouraging local
innovation. Secondly, informal governance mechanisms are evolving
to move from 'hierarchical to network' forms of governance. Here
the challenge is to insure democratic input by citizens and civil
society organizations. Finally, we identify a trend toward 'shared
value creation and sustainable cooperation.' Indonesia is beginning
to move from a rather singular policy focus on economic growth to a
more complex and developing notion of policymaking for inclusive
growth and the creation of a sustainable society for present and
future generations. Here the challenge is sound implementation and
to increase the effectiveness of governance mechanisms. There is
also a noted diffusion of goals, to focus beyond the Jakarta
metropolitan area to smaller regional cities, as urbanization
continues and rural areas are changing. This book will be of
interest for use in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses
related to Southeast Asia in the fields of international relations,
political science, public administration, economics, law,
sociology, educa tion, public health, and the spatial sciences. It
will also be of interest to policymakers and government officials
at the national and local level in Southeast Asia and middle-income
developing countries, officials and policymakers in institutions of
regional governance such as the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN), and of global governance such as the United
Nations and World Bank. It will also be of interest to civil
society organizations and other actors focused on policy
development and economic development, health, education, the
environment, sustainable transport, etc. The book will also be of
interest to business people interested in economic and governance
issues, such as the management and governance of in-bound foreign
investment, inclusive growth, and corporate governance. Finally,
the book should be of interest to citizens in advanced,
middle-income, and developing countries motivated to learn more
about the links between governance and the creation of a
sustainable society for current and future generations.
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