The ongoing decline in union membership is generally attributed to
an increasingly hostile economic, legal, and managerial
environment. Samuel B. Bacharach, Peter A. Bamberger, and William
J. Sonnenstuhl argue that the decline may have more to do with a
crisis of union legitimacy and member commitment. They further
suggest that both problems could be addressed if the unions return
to their nineteenth-century, mutual aid-based roots.
The authors contend that the labor movement is characterized by
two models of union-member relations: the mutual aid logic and the
servicing logic. The first predominated in the early days and
encouraged a sense of community among members who worked to support
one another. In the twentieth century, it was largely replaced by
the servicing model, which asks little of members, who remain loyal
only if their leaders deliver increasing wages and benefits.
Regaining legitimacy and strengthening member commitment can
only happen, the authors claim, if mutual aid logic is allowed to
return. They examine three unions in the transportation industry to
judge the effectiveness of new programs created after the old
model.
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