There is growing interest in developing chemical and biochemical
processes to obtain and modify biopolymers, and to other useful
technical properties for their applications in different fields.
The latest and most interesting example is chitin, it is mainly
used for production of chitosan by a deacetylation reaction usually
obtained in alkaline medium. Chitosan exhibits several favorable
properties, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. It also
has mucoadhesive properties due to its positive charges at neutral
pH that enable an ionic interaction with the negative charges of
sialic acid residues of the mucus. Numerous studies have
demonstrated that chitosan and its derivatives are effective and
safe absorption enhancers to improve mucosal (nasal, peroral)
delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules, such as peptides, proteins,
and heparins. Chitosan has been developed for a variety of
biomedical applications including wound dressings and drug delivery
systems.
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