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Books > Social sciences > Politics & government > International relations
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Mercenaries - The History of a Norm in International Relations (Hardcover, 3., ?Berarb. U.)
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Mercenaries - The History of a Norm in International Relations (Hardcover, 3., ?Berarb. U.)
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The main aim of this book is to argue that the use of private force
by states has been restricted by a norm against mercenary use. The
book traces the evolution of this norm, from mercenaries in
medieval Europe through to private security companies in modern day
Iraq, telling a story about how the mercenaries of yesterday have
evolved into those of today in the process.
The norm against mercenaries has two components. First,
mercenaries are considered to be immoral because they use force
outside legitimate, authoritative control. Second, mercenaries are
considered to be morally problematic because they fight wars for
selfish, financial reasons as opposed to fighting for some kind of
larger conception of the common good.
The book examines four puzzles about mercenary use, and argues
that they can only be explained by understanding the norm against
mercenaries. First, the book argues that moral disapproval of
mercenaries led to the disappearance of independent mercenaries
from medieval Europe. Second, the transition from armies composed
of mercenaries to citizen armies in the nineteenth century can only
be understood with attention to the norm against mercenaries.
Third, it is impossible to understand why international law
regarding mercenaries, created in the 1970s and 1980s, is so
ineffective without understanding the norm. Finally, the
disappearance of companies like Executive Outcomes and Sandline and
the development of today's private security industry cannot be
understood without the norm.
This book is a project of the Oxford Leverhulme Programme on the
Changing Character of War.
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