CJTF-HOA developed a course of action to win the War on Terror in
the Horn of Africa. Because of the mission, resources available to
the task force, and the nature of the conflict, the command chose a
course of action that used Information Operations as the decisive
operation. Specifically they focused on the Information Operation
task of Information Engagement to accomplish the mission. Joint
Military doctrine states that a valid COA is one that is adequate,
feasible, acceptable, distinguishable, and complete. Since CJTF-HOA
already implemented the course of action, the analysis was limited
to adequate, feasible, and acceptable. CJTF-HOA's performance in
the past five years proved that Information Operations were an
adequate, feasible, and acceptable course of action to fight the
Global War on Terror in the Horn of Africa. This Information
Operations success story begs the question - What are Information
Operations? The Theory of Information Operations presumes that
there is an Information Environment that consists of three domains,
Cognitive, Informational, and Physical. Information resides in and
travels between these domains. Joint and Army doctrine provide a
common point of departure for how Information Operations align with
the warfighting functions. Proposed Army Doctrine would change the
current alignment to better facilitate planning and execution of
Information Operations. This new doctrinal alignment is extremely
relevant to facilitating the replication of CJTF-HOA's success in
other regions of the globe. Aligning the capabilities of
Information Operations along warfighting functions facilitates the
synchronization and coordination of Information Operations during
planning and execution. This is especially important in an
operational command such as CJTF-HOA. The rewrite of FM 3-0
Operations divides Information Operations into five tasks and
aligns responsibility for planning and executing these tasks along
warfighting functions. The new FM 3-0 also assigns staff
responsibility for each of the IO tasks. Under this construct, the
task of Information Engagement is part of the Command and Control
warfighting function and the G-7 has staff responsibility for that
task. The new construct eliminates the need for an Information
Operations Working Group. The IO tasks are coordinated and
synchronized by the responsible staff sections in the course of
executing the Military Decision Making Process or the Joint
Operation Planning Process. This war is a war of ideas, similar to
the Cold War. The key to continued success is for the U.S. to
continue the mission until the terrorists are convinced of their
defeat. Continued presence and action in the Horn of Africa
demonstrates that the U.S. has the will to prevail in the long
conflict. As the U.S. Military reduces troop commitments in Iraq
and Afghanistan, it should apply this course of action to other
regions in the globe similar to the Horn of Africa. For the U.S.
Military to achieve the maximum benefit of this course of action in
new regions, the Military must incorporate the lessons learned from
CJTF-HOA. Those lessons cover a range of topics but the most
important are command and control, interagency coordination and
timeframe. Implementing these lessons learned reduces risk in
future operations.
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