By examining four historical contexts featuring corps headquarters
performing their doctrinal roles, this study identified three
signposts that assist practitioners with anticipating the future
role of a corps headquarters at onset and throughout the duration
of a campaign. These signposts are the nature of the conflict, the
campaign objectives by phase, and the theater structure. Using
these signposts as a framework for historical analysis, the
assessment demonstrates that when the operational environment
presents traditional warfare, and the campaign objectives require
the conduct of large-scale offensive and defensive operations with
multiple divisions and corps, then a corps headquarters will
perform the role of an intermediate tactical headquarters. When the
operational environment presents a mix of traditional and irregular
warfare requiring the conduct of small-scale offensive and
defensive operations with one division and one corps headquarters,
the corps headquarters will perform the role of a joint task force
headquarters. However, when the operational environment presents a
mix of traditional and irregular warfare requiring the conduct of
large-scale full spectrum operations with multiple divisions and
the integration of joint, interagency, intergovernmental and
multinational efforts, the corps headquarters may perform the role
of a joint task force for a relatively short period of time,
followed by transition to its role as a land component command
headquarters. The purpose of this study is not to provide a
Nostradamus-style prediction of the future role of a corps
headquarters. However, since preparing to perform multiple roles
effectively presents numerous training challenges, the study
provides future corps practitioners with a historical framework for
inquiry that can assist with anticipating the future role of a
corps headquarters. To validate the framework logic, the study
presented analysis of four historical contexts featuring the corps
headquarters performing single or multiple doctrinal roles. The
structure of the study describes the four doctrinal roles a corps
headquarters may perform, incorporating historical contexts, while
using the three signposts as the framework for analysis and
synthesis. The first section describes the role and functions of a
corps as an intermediate tactical headquarters and uses Operation
Desert Shield/Desert Storm, and the initial phases of Operation
Iraqi Freedom as the historical contexts for analysis. The second
section describes the role and functions of a corps as a joint task
force headquarters and uses Operation Uphold Democracy, Operation
Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom as the historical
context for analysis. The third section describes the role and
functions of a corps as a land component command with Army force
responsibilities and uses Operation Iraqi Freedom as the historical
context. The final section provides conclusions and recommendations
based on analysis and synthesis of the findings in the previous
three sections. Based on the assessment, and supported by the 2010
Army Operating Concept, the future role of a corps headquarters is
to function as either a joint task force, or a land component
command. To perform either role effectively requires corps
headquarters, as well as higher commands such as combatant
commanders and theater armies, to focus on three areas; training
for both roles, adequate preparation time, assisting with manning
requirements, and providing the requisite experience level to
achieve campaign objectives.
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