After Francisco Franco's victory in the Spanish Civil War, a great
many of the country's intellectuals went into exile in Mexico.
During the three and a half decades of Francoist dictatorship,
these exiles held that the Republic, not Francoism, represented the
authentic culture of Spain. In this environment, as Sebastiaan
Faber argues in "Exile and Cultural Hegemony," the Spaniards'
conception of their role as intellectuals changed markedly over
time.
The first study of its kind to place the exiles' ideological
evolution in a broad historical context, "Exile and Cultural
Hegemony" takes into account developments in both Spanish and
Mexican politics from the early 1930s through the 1970s. Faber pays
particular attention to the intellectuals' persistent nationalism
and misplaced illusions of pan-Hispanist grandeur, which included
awkward and ironic overlaps with the rhetoric employed by their
enemies on the Francoist right. This embrace of nationalism,
together with the intellectuals' dependence on the increasingly
authoritarian Mexican regime and the international climate of the
Cold War, eventually caused them to abandon the Gramscian ideal of
the intellectual as political activist in favor of a more liberal,
apolitical stance preferred by, among others, the Spanish
philosopher Jose Ortega y Gasset.
With its comprehensive approach to topics integral to Spanish
culture, both students of and those with a general interest in
twentieth-century Spanish literature, history, or culture will find
"Exile and Cultural Hegemony" a fascinating and groundbreaking
work.
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